![]() For decades these chewing sticks when used alone without toothpastes have proven to be very efficient, effective and reliable in cleaning the teeth of many people particularly in Nigeria and some other countries in Africa. The concentration of fluorine which is very important for human dental enamel was specially determined using the 19F(p, p'γ) 19F reaction. ![]() ![]() PIGE and PIXE techniques were employed for the determination of the major, minor and trace elemental concentrations in chewing sticks of pharmacological importance namely: Butyrospermum paradoxum, Garcinia kola, Distemonanthus benthamianus, Bridelia ferruginea, Anogeissus leiocarpus, Terminalia glaucescens and Fagara rubescens, respectively. PIGE-PIXE analysis of chewing sticks of pharmacological importance because of their negative roles in enhancing infant mortality rates, but none of them was detected except Pb. We searched for certain toxic elements which include As, Cd, Hg, Pb, etc. The results show the presence of important elements that are essential for growth and development of babies. PIGE measurements of light elements were performed using 3.5 MeV collimated protons from the 7 MV CN Van de Graaff accelerator of INFN, LNL, Legnaro (Padova) Italy while PIXE analysis was carried out using 1.8 MeV collimated proton beam from the 2.5 MV AN 2000 Van de Graaff accelerator of the same Institute. Pellets were made using a Perkin Elmer instrument and its accessory the 13 mm die. The samples were homogenized and immediately frozen, and then freeze-dried. Samples were collected from 32 healthy lactating mothers from Obafemi Awolowo Teaching University Hospital, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. PIGE-PIXE nuclear techniques were employed for the determination of the elemental composition of human breast milk which is the main source of nutrients to babies in Nigeria.
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